It is possible to retrofit many of the existing bridges against falling of spans and other distress by simple retrofitting measures. Snws retrofit engineering takes into account the owner, lender, lessee, or insurer to make sure everyones needs are met. A commercial seismic retrofit provides existing structures with increased earthquake resistance. This document supersedes fema 172, nehrp handbook of techniques for the seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings, which was published in 1992. Earthquake mitigation is an important field of study from a long time now. Mar 03, 2017 significant improvements in construction techniques and building materials have made new structures built during that time much safer. It is shown how this analytical technique can be useful in deciding seismic retrofitting strategy and techniques. Global methods concentrate at the structure level and retrofit to obtain a better. Home foundation bolting, cripple wall bracing, shear wall construction, the reaction of building to large earthquakes, are some. Some methods are additions of rc structural walls, use of steel bracings, seismic isolation, use of frp and supplemental energy dissipation devices dampers. Bay area retrofit does not recommend performing a retrofit without the guidance and supervision of experienced and knowledgeable retrofit professionals, and is not responsible for costly errors, injuries, or. Techniques for the seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings fema. A dirty job that can save your home, and big money duration.
Pdf evaluation of seismic retrofitting techniques used in old. Advanced design examples of seismic retrofit of structures provides insights on the problems associated with the seismic retrofitting of existing structures. Seismic retrofit or rehabilitation strategies have been developed in the past few decades following the introduction of new seismic provisions and the availability of advanced materials e. To this end, the overarching objective of gsap was to find technologically feasible, minimally invasive, and inexpensive techniques with. This paper describes an outline of the cfrp techniques and points out debonding of cfrp from concrete. Pdf seismic retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. Notice american society of civil engineers asce has completed its effort to turn fema 310 into a national consensusbased standard. Seismic risk factors courtesy of utah division of state. Retrofitting of existing structures with insufficient seismic resistance accounts for a major portion of the total cost of hazard mitigation. In 2005, emergency management experts drafted a scenario for a magnitude 6. O nce you have identified that there is a potential need to retrofit your home, you should then conduct your own inspection and evaluate the structural integrity of your home. It also provides certain aspects of computer software modeling against seismic loads and shows the necessity of seismic upgrading in a steel momentframe building. Oct 21, 2011 stiffening or bracing of the cripple wall to keep if from collapsing during seismic movement is a very important part of earthquake retrofitting. These become necessary when our risk assessment determines that deficiencies exist in a structure susceptible to an earthquake.
The retrofit techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe winds from thunderstorms. General strengthening techniques there are many seismic retrofit techniques available, depending upon the various types and conditions of structures. Three primary phases of a retrofit program are described. Research article materials and jacketing technique for retrofitting of structures shri. Some of the commonly used techniques in retrofitting are listed below. The seismic evaluation process consists of investigating if the structure meets the defined. The debonding of cfrp should be solved to enlarge the application field of the cfrp techniques. Introduction earthquake creates great devastation in terms of life, money and failures of structures. However, for detailed technical guidance on seismic retrofitting, reference should be made to fema 547 fema, 2006 which applies to all types of buildings and for all types of use and occupancy. Example 2 is a chapel in a university built in 1920. In the aftermath of a major seismic event, those who reside in homes rendered uninhabitable by damage incurred in the initial or subsequent events will find themselves.
Seismic retrofitting techniques for historic adobe buildings article pdf available in international journal of architectural heritage 98. It is being written to help contractors and engineers. Many of these innovations can be applied to retrofitting older bridges. Oct 01, 2015 seismic retrofitting definition it is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. This animation shows what is involved in completing a seismic retrofit on a house with a raised foundation and a 4 foot cripple wall.
Seismic retrofitting techniques are required for concrete constructions which are vulnerable to damage and failures by seismic forces. It describes common seismic rehabilitation techniques used for buildings represented in the set of standard building types in fema seismic publications. In the 1990s, the federal emergency management agency fema and the state of california grew concerned about seismic evaluation and rehabilitation guidelines. Techniques of seismic retrofitting for concrete structures. It analyzes these techniques viability from a structural engineering. Pdf past earthquakes have emphasized the vulnerability of existing structures which did not satisfy modern seismic design requirements and current. This document provides a summary of seismic evaluation and retrofit techniques for reinforced concrete bridges. Advanced design examples of seismic retrofit of structures. This document supersedes fema 172, nehrp handbook of techniques for the seismic rehabilitation of.
Sap 2000 evaluating the various repair strategies for improvement of the seismic. The principles and practice of effective seismic retrofitting this is a very rough draft of a book on retrofitting being written by howard cook in collaboration with structural engineers who are members of the structural engineers association of northern california. This seismic retrofit guide is designed to promote public safety and welfare by. Seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings using. Building materials used in seismic retrofitting should be located on the interior andor blended with existing architectural features. Planning and engineering guidelines for the seismic. Assessment of seismic retrofitting techniques of rc structures using fragility curves. Seismic data analysis techniques in hydrocarbon exploration. The authors present various international case studies of seismic retrofitting projects and the different possible strategies on how to handle complex problems encountered. Always secures a building permit for retrofit work. In the retrofit of schools, hospitals, multifamily housing, and commercial buildings, the homeowner may be a proprietor or owner and the funding scheme may be very different. Therefore, the selection of the type of intervention is a complex process, and is governed by technical as well as financial and sociological considerations.
Part 1 of this manual focuses on highway bridges, and is a replacement for the federal highway administration fhwa publication seismic retrofitting manual for highway bridges which was published in 1995 as report fhward94052. Familiar with recent changes to the retrofitting code. Pdf this paper presents a comprehensive overview of the techniques available for the seismic retrofitting of adobe buildings. Seismic retrofit categories seismic retrofit categories, src, are used to recommend minimum levels of. The bracing is accomplished by attaching structural grade plywood tightly to the wall framing. Structural engineering department, zagazig university, zagazig, egypt. Srcs are similar to seismic design categories sdcused in new design. The retrofit techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as cyclones, severe winds from thunderstorms. With seismic retrofitting, your home will be a safer place to be when the next earthquake comes. Bay area retrofit does not recommend performing a retrofit without the guidance and supervision of experienced and knowledgeable retrofit professionals, and is not responsible for costly errors, injuries, or earthquake damage that result from such attempts. Seismic retrofitting will give your home a better chance to stand up to devastating earthquakes. The first thing engineers rehabilitating older structures need to consider is what they want their seismic retrofit to accomplish. Pdf retrofit techniques for seismic improvement of urm. The retrofitting is examined with an application to a 64m highrise src steel framed reinforced concrete building built in 1970.
It strengthens the foundation of your home so that it can stand tall through the violent tremors that quake in our area cause. Thus, it is of critical importance that the structures that need seismic retrofitting are identified correctly, and an optimal retrofitting is conducted in a cost effective fashion. In engineering language, this strong or stiffened wall is referred to as a shear wall. After many kinds of survey, we proposed three ideas of seismic retrofitting and selected base isolation. The horizontal lateral shaking in earthquakes create the forces that can be damaging to our wood framed homes. It analyzes these techniques viability from a structural engineering standpoint, and evaluates their suitability in the context. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the techniques available for the seismic retrofitting of adobe buildings. Therefore, the document on this page is for information purposes only.
Get earthquake insurance with seismic retrofitting. Seismic retrofit of a building may be necessary if a seismic risk assessment reveals deficiencies in how an existing structure responds to an earthquake due to building characteristics, site location, and seismic characteristics of an area. The first technique is to jacket the columns and increase their reinforcing bars in order to withstand larger seismic forces through 0. Seismic retrofitting technique figure 4 there are many seismic retrofit techniques available, depending upon the various types and conditions of structures. Works in conjunction with a licensed structural engineer. Assessment of prototype buildings etty conservation institute 4. The getty seismic adobe project and its reports manifest the gcis commitment to identify and evaluate seismic retrofitting methodologies that balance safety with the conservation of our cultural heritage. Engineering management department, prince sultan university, riyadh, ksa. More than,000 single family homes will suffer moderate or severe damage. In postdisaster settings, seismic retrofit of housing can be an early response strategy. Manual on retrofitting of existing vulnerable school buildingsassessment to retrofitting part i iv figure 40 retrofitting works for the trusses and roof providing proper materials and detailing 33 figure 41 finishing works painting, architectural gravel installation, etc 33 figure 42 retrofitting. Pdf seismic retrofitting techniques for historic adobe buildings. Seminar presentation on the basics of seismic retrofit to. The document is now known as asce 3102 and supercedes fema 310.
In the past thirty years, moderate to severe earthquakes occurs around the world every year. Manual on retrofitting of existing vulnerable school buildingsassessment to retrofitting part i i preface schools are institutions providing an education as well as a common place for community gatherings and meetings. Alternatively, consult a structural engineer with experience in assessing older buildings. The primary purpose of this document is to provide a selected compilation of seismic rehabilitation techniques that are practical and effective. The seismic retrofitting of a building is usually the result of a process that, through analysis and evaluation of the current state of its structure, highlights shortcomings which prevent the building from performing as required by the local seismic standards. Descriptions of current common techniques for improving the seismic response of urm buildings are outlined, and comments made as to their general appropriateness with regard to architectural and. However, since the current retrofit techniques require much inconvenience 1727.
Techniques for the seismic rehabilitation of existing. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged. Home resource papers and presentations seismic retrofitting techniques. There are many seismic retrofitting techniques available, depending upon the various types and conditions of structures. In the aftermath of a major seismic event, those who reside in homes rendered uninhabitable by damage incurred. Fema 310 handbook for the seismic evaluation of buildings. However, the techniques for seismic retrofit of nonstructural components are relatively. Seismic retrofitting techniques for concrete structures. Seismic retrofit programs also do not have to be limited to singlefamily housing. Generally, the structural retrofit of concentrically braced frames improved the seismic resistance of the building and it can be considered in the retrofit of moment frame structures to prevent the risk of structural collapse under the design load with much more confidence. Retrofit techniques for seismic improvement of urm buildings. Pdf assessment of seismic retrofitting techniques of rc. Index seismic retrofitting manual for highway structures.
For buildings with large seismic deficiencies, a combination of conventional and frp strengthening techniques may prove to be an effective retrofitting solution. Therefore, seismic retrofitting was suggested and practitioners applied various seismic intervention techniques to structural systems found to be deficient. This paper focuses on the seismic retrofitting removal of seismic deficiency of rc elements mainly columns, but also walls and beamcolumn joints and masonry walls by means of frps. Research article materials and jacketing technique. Seismic retrofitting for earthquake resistance sound seismic. Seismic retrofit of historic houses, published by the state of utahs state historic preservation office. Abstract in order to study the efficacy of several seismic. Design objective retrofitting a historic structure in salt lake city to. Fema 310, handbook for the seismic evaluation of buildingsa prestandard. Homes tend to fail in one of three ways all between the foundation and the first floor joists.
Pdf seismic retrofitting techniques for historic adobe. Ibrahim mansour and others published assessment of seismic retrofitting techniques of rc structures using fragility curves find, read and cite all the research. Waghmare address for correspondence acharya shrimannarayan polytechnic,piprim, wardha maharashtra abstract seismic protection of buildings is a needbased concept aimed to improve the performance of any structure under future earthquakes. A retrofit engineering and design is the first step in any professional seismic retrofit. This book is the result of extensive study related to the subject of seismic retrofitting, which is a field as wide as it is vast. Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes. Seismic retrofitting techniques for structurallysound bridges. Hiring a professional to help with this evaluation is recommended, but not required. Seismic retrofit and structural rehabilitation design. Dec 27, 2012 meanwhile, traditional techniques of seismic retrofitting by concrete and steel do not always ensure the desired protection of structures from earthquakes and aftershocks. O nce you have identified that there is a potential need to retrofit your home, you should then conduct your own inspection and evaluate the. Seismic retrofitting definition it is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquakes.
Your home may be your single biggest investment, but it sits on a major earthquake fault zone. They should be models in providing examples of quality education and the. The project includes the development of lowtech, costeffective seismic retrofitting techniques. Some of retrofitting techniques need unusual construction method to implement it. This manual, which comprised of two parts, represents the most current statofpractice in assessing the vulnerability of highway structures to the effects of earthquakes, and implementing retrofit measures to improve performance. Create, print, and sell professionalquality photo books, magazines, trade books, and ebooks with. Part 2 of this manual provides guidance on the assessment and retrofitting of other tyical highway structures. The document is intended to be useful to practicing engineers and academic researchers. As a practical and economical solution, the retrofit design involved replacement of the existing window frames with structural steel frames constructed from steel csections. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Seismic retrofitting definition, techniques using modern. In buildings, this process typically includes strengthening weak rooftowall joints, continuity ties, shear walls, and the roof diaphragm.
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